Good School Essays - Educators, Teaching, Occupations, Teacher

Good School According to Morrison, author of Teaching in America, schools are organized and linked to society. In chapter 3, Morrison explains the role of schooling in society, how public schools are organized, what it is like to teach in different kinds of schools, what makes a good school, and how schools are changing. He makes a lot of good points on the different topics in the chapter, but the subject that I would like to elaborate more is on what makes a good school. Every person who wants to put use their profession of teaching would most likely want to teach in a good school. Every parent wants their children to go to a good school. But what makes a good school? Well, Morrison explains the different characteristics that make a good school. Here are some main points: Schools should be a safe environment where children can go to learn. Teacher efficacy must be present. Principal must have good management skills. There must me commitment. And parent and community interaction with the school should be present. I think that a good school is what everybody wants. Who would not want to go to a good school? I don't personally know what a bad school is like because all my life I have been to private schools where there is a low student teacher ratio. My school always provided a safe environment, teachers where considered as impact teachers, and there was a presence of parent-teacher interaction. I know some people who went to public schools and I could right away see that the school was not a good one. All they would talk about was fighting. Instead of them talking about what they learned in school, they talk about how there was a fight in school or how they hate the teachers. I think that public schools need to reform on their teaching methods and their interaction with the children. Teachers must have the compassion to help the children learn as well as to provide a safe environment. George S. Morrison,Teaching in America: What Makes a Good Teacher( Needham Heights, MA: A Viacom Company, 1997), pp.87-124. Bibliography George S. Morrison,Teaching in America: What Makes a Good Teacher( Needham Heights, MA: A Viacom Company, 1997), pp.87-124.

Free Essays on The Visual Devices In Laurence Sternes “Tristram Shandy“

The visual devices in Laurence Sterne’s â€Å"Tristram Shandy† The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman is the major work of Irish-born novelist Laurence Sterne. Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy between 1759 and 1767. The book was published in five separate installments, each containing two volumes except the last, which included only the final volume 9. Tristram Shandy was enthusiastically received from the beginning, although it was also criticized for being vulgar and indecent in its frank treatment of sexual themes. For its time, the novel is highly unconventional in its narrative technique. The title itself is a play on a novelistic formula that would have been familiar to Sterne's contemporary readers; instead of giving us the â€Å"life and adventures† of his hero, Sterne promises us his â€Å"life and opinions† which results in a radically new kind of narrative. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman was among the first novels to make the actual materiality of the book obvious by experimenting with narrative style. The text is supposed, as the title indicates, to set out the autobiography of Tristram Shandy; however, the birth of the hero, which the author sets about to discuss on the first page, does not finally occur until the end of the third book. What the story is about, however, is of secondary importance to how it is told. Sterne invites the reader to join him in the writing of the text by making the processes involved in composition apparent, thereby drawi ng attention to the visual qualities of the text. He employs a number of techniques to call attention to the book as a material object and undermines the apparent â€Å"naturalness† of its artificial conversational tone. Perhaps the most striking of those techniques is Sterne’s use of unusual typographical devices that challenge the readers’ instinctive inclination to read the book as pure narrative. That the visual is important in Tristram ... Free Essays on The Visual Devices In Laurence Sterne's â€Å"Tristram Shandyâ€Å" Free Essays on The Visual Devices In Laurence Sterne's â€Å"Tristram Shandyâ€Å" The visual devices in Laurence Sterne’s â€Å"Tristram Shandy† The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman is the major work of Irish-born novelist Laurence Sterne. Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy between 1759 and 1767. The book was published in five separate installments, each containing two volumes except the last, which included only the final volume 9. Tristram Shandy was enthusiastically received from the beginning, although it was also criticized for being vulgar and indecent in its frank treatment of sexual themes. For its time, the novel is highly unconventional in its narrative technique. The title itself is a play on a novelistic formula that would have been familiar to Sterne's contemporary readers; instead of giving us the â€Å"life and adventures† of his hero, Sterne promises us his â€Å"life and opinions† which results in a radically new kind of narrative. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman was among the first novels to make the actual materiality of the book obvious by experimenting with narrative style. The text is supposed, as the title indicates, to set out the autobiography of Tristram Shandy; however, the birth of the hero, which the author sets about to discuss on the first page, does not finally occur until the end of the third book. What the story is about, however, is of secondary importance to how it is told. Sterne invites the reader to join him in the writing of the text by making the processes involved in composition apparent, thereby drawi ng attention to the visual qualities of the text. He employs a number of techniques to call attention to the book as a material object and undermines the apparent â€Å"naturalness† of its artificial conversational tone. Perhaps the most striking of those techniques is Sterne’s use of unusual typographical devices that challenge the readers’ instinctive inclination to read the book as pure narrative. That the visual is important in Tristram ...

Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Environment - Essay Example A continuing increase of greenhouse gas emanates from the burning of the fossil fuels from the ground. Burning of coal is not logical enough since it increases the amount of the carbon dioxide to the environment. According to United Nations environmental study, carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere can stop by burying the biomass and pickling of trees. The increment of global temperatures leads to increased melting of snow ice and the rising of the sea level evidently shows the warming of the globe. The warming is determined by high average temperature near the earth’s surface. The temperature increases due to depletion of the ozone layer directly hit by the ultraviolet rays (Haldar, 2010). Temperature rise resultes into many disasters including the formation of cyclones, causing mass destruction to human life and property. The hurricanes, tornados and the typhoons are the worst calamities ever and have claimed several live of individuals. Absorption and emission of the infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere warms the planets lower atmosphere and the surface. This process means the warming effect of about 33% of the stratosphere. The cutting of trees for energy and other industrial functions increases the quantity of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, therefore, contributing to global warming. It accounts for 7 percent of the greenhouse gas emission. Forest act as the sink of the carbon dioxide within the atmosphere thereby playing a vital role in controlling the amount of heat produced to the environment. They also help in the absorption of the much water poured inland during the cyclones. Aerosols produced by volcanoes and pollutants from industries causes global dimming and the gradual reduction of the amount of solar reaching the earth surface. Aerosols bring a cooling effect by blocking the direct sun from reaching the earth surface, therefore,

Geological Adventure Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geological Adventure - Personal Statement Example My first destination would be this marvelous cave of Lechuguilla in the heart of the Guadalupe Mountains in southern New Mexico at Carlsbad Caverns National Park. These sun-blasted ridges and the rock below them had been alive 250 million years ago. A magnificent barrier reef, geologists call El Capitn. The living reef had died as the basin it enclosed grew too salty. Then, long buried under later deposits, the dead reef became limestone; the ideal stone for caves1 (see Figure 2) Climbing and hiking Fans would love the place beside all the under ground wonders made by chemicals and water reactions that would be great picture shots for photograph fans to add to their collections (see Figure 3) After staying in New Mexico for a while, I will be then heading to Hawaii and its Kilauea volcano (On Big Island),one of the world's prime attractions for adventure travelers2 along with two other active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Loihi that is located underwater off the southern coast of Hawaii's Big Island 3. There are many things to do there -besides watching Kilauea lava flowing into the sea. I would experience the mystery and walk through the native Hawaiian rain forest, hike over just-cooled lava. I could also visit the 52-foot Kilauea Lighthouse that was built in 1913 as a beacon for traveling ships4.

Wind Technology and Electricity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Wind Technology and Electricity - Research Paper Example With regards to tapping of wind energy, the speed of the air in movement defines the potential amounts of energy that can be packed within any unit amount of air in motion. This means that too much speed of the moving air can be destructive to structures or equipment useful in the tapping of the wind energy and too little speed can be a waste of resources and time as there would be no sizeable amount of energy tapped. Therefore, while the consideration of tapping wind energy is a vital input to the energy ministry and the livelihood of various entities, specifics that make tapping wind successful should be in line with the amount of wind speed expected, the equipment used and its specifications, the location of the equipment installation and the support of such equipment, and the consistency and/or sustainability of production of wind energy. In this research paper, the tapping of wind energy is considered a work of engineering and therefore, a sizeable portion of this paper dwells o n the equipment used, the specifications of those equipment, different designs and types, their sustainability for energy conversion, the available brands and their differences, the best locations for placing these equipment, the original inventions and the different versions of the same that exist, and the technical considerations that should be evaluated as support and maintenance of the equipment. The tapping of wind energy is normally and always a task that involves the use of wind turbines. The nature and specifications of wind turbines differs from one type to another with regards to scope of production, the location of the turbines, the standards verified, and the policies that control the production and installation of the same. In this... In this research paper, the tapping of wind energy is considered a work of engineering and therefore, a sizeable portion of this paper dwells on the equipment used, the specifications of those equipment, different designs and types, their sustainability for energy conversion, the available brands and their differences, the best locations for placing these equipment, the original inventions and the different versions of the same that exist, and the technical considerations that should be evaluated as support and maintenance of the equipment. The tapping of wind energy is normally and always a task that involves the use of wind turbines. The nature and specifications of wind turbines differs from one type to another with regards to scope of production, the location of the turbines, the standards verified, and the policies that control the production and installation of the same. In this research paper, the exploration of wind energy production is divided into various parts that answer specific questions related to production and sustainability of wind production with regards to wind turbines. The research takes a holistic review of how wind turbines were invented and what their original purpose besides the production of electricity was. On the other hand, the research focuses on the different uses of wind turbines and the margins of production that can be realized from within a grid or from a large scale production. From the disadvantages’ subsection of this research, it is observed that deaths in the line of duty in maintaining wind turbines are a common place. For uninsured personnel, injuries and deaths to engineers is an added cost of maintenance to wind turbines.

Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Mobile Node: MIH

Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Mobile Node: MIH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF MOBILE NODE USING MIH CHAPTER 4 NETWORK SIMULATOR 4.1 Introduction NS2 is associate open-source simulation tool that runs on Linux, its a discreet event machine targeted at networking analysis and provides substantial support for simulation of routing, multicast protocols and informatics protocols, like UDP, TCP, RTP and SRM over wired and wireless (local and satellite) networks. Its several blessings that build it a great tool, like support for multiple protocols and therefore the capability of diagrammatically particularization network traffic. In addition, NS2 supports many algorithms in routing and queuing. Local routing and broadcasts are a part of routing algorithms. Queuing algorithms embody honest queuing, deficit round-robin and FIFO. NS is associate object oriented machine, written in C++, with associate OTcl interpreter as a frontend. The machine supports a category hierarchy in C++ (also referred to as the compiled hierarchy during this document), and an identical category hierarchy inside the OTcl interpreter (also referred to as the taken hierarchy during this document). The 2 hierarchy’s square measure closely associated with every other; from the user’s perspective, theres a matched correspondence between a category within the taken hierarchy and one within the compiled hierarchy, the basis of this hierarchy is that the category Tcl Object. Users produce new machine objects through the interpreter; these objects square measure instantiated inside the interpreter, and square measure closely reflected by a corresponding object within the compiled hierarchy. The taken category hierarchy is mechanically established through strategies outlined within the category TclClass. User instantiated objects square measure reflected through strategies outlined within the category TclObject. NS2 is extensively utilized by the networking analysis community. It provides substantial support for simulation of communications protocol, routing, multicast protocols over wired and wireless (local and satellite) networks, etc. The machine is event-driven and runs in a very non-real-time fashion. It consists of C++ core strategies and uses Tcl and Object Tcl shell as interface permitting the computer file (simulation script) to explain the model to simulate. Users will outline arbitrary network topologies composed of nodes, routers, links and shared media. A chic set of protocol objects will then be hooked up to nodes, sometimes as agents. The machine suite conjointly includes a graphical beholder referred to as network animator (NAM) to help the users get additional insights regarding their simulation by visualizing packet trace information. NS is an occasion driven network machine developed at UC Berkeley that simulates style of informatics networks. It implements network protocols like communications protocol and UPD, traffic supply behavior like FTP, Telnet, Web, cosmic microwave background and VBR, router queue management mechanism like Drop Tail, RED and CBQ, routing algorithms like Dijkstra, and more. NS conjointly implements multicasting and a few of the mac layer protocols for computer network simulations.    4.2 A Short History   NS2 started as a variant of the $64000 network machine in 1989 (see Resources). REAL could be a network machine originally supposed for the real the dynamic behavior of flow and congestion management schemes in packet-switched information networks. NS2 is associate degree object-oriented machine developed as a part of the VINT project at the University of American state in Berkeley. The project is funded by government agency together with XEROX Palo Alto research center (PARC) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). NS2 is accessible on many platforms like Linux, Ubuntu, FreeBSD, SunOS and Solaris. NS2 conjointly builds and runs underneath Windows. Large scenarios benefit from large amounts of memory. Additionally, NS2 requires the following packages to run these scenarios Tcl has released Tcl8.3.2, Tk has released Tk 8.3.2, OTcl has released OTcl 1.0a7 and also TclCL has released TclCL 1.0b11. 4.3 C++ and OTCL Duality In this means, the controls of the C++ objects area unit given to OTcl. It’s conjointly attainable to feature member functions and variables to a C++ connected OTcl object. The objects in C++ that dont have to be controlled during a simulation or internally utilized by another object dont have to be connected to OTcl. Likewise, associate degree object (not within the information path) is entirely enforced in OTcl. Fig 4.1: C++ and OTcl: The Duality In this means, the controls of the C++ objects area unit given to OTcl. It’s conjointly attainable to feature member functions and variables to a C++ connected OTcl object. The objects in C++ that dont have to be controlled during a simulation or internally utilized by another object dont have to be connected to OTcl. Likewise, associate degree object (not within the information path) is entirely enforced in OTcl. Figure 5.1 shows associate degree object hierarchy example in C++ and OTcl. One factor to notice within the figure is that for C++ objects that have associate degree OTcl linkage forming a hierarchy, theres an identical OTcl object hierarchy terribly just like that of C++. NS was inbuilt C++ and provides a simulation interface through OTcl, associate degree object-oriented idiom of Tcl. The user describes a constellation by writing OTcl scripts, so the most ns program simulates that topology with mere parameters. The NS2 makes use of flat earth model within which it assumes that the atmosphere is flat with none elevations or depressions. But the real world will have geographical options like valleys and mountains.NS2 fails to capture this model in it. Many researchers have planned the additions of latest models to NS2.Shadowing Model in NS2 makes an attempt to capture the shadow impact of signals in real world, however will that inaccurately.NS2s shadowing model doesnt think about correlations: a true shadowing impact has sturdy correlations between 2 locations that area unit near one another. Shadow attenuation ought to be sculptured as a 2 dimensional log-normal random method with exponentially decaying spacial correlations. 4.4 Screenshot of Network Animator Fig 4.2: Network Animator Window NS animator window is shown in the above figure 4.2 which can be used to view the connection between the mobile and the network towers, it shows the movement packet drops which take place during simulation. 4.5  NIST’s Media Independent Handover module 4.5.1  Introduction Wireless network types Handover are off two types, Horizontal handovers also called Homogenous Handover and Vertical handovers also called Heterogeneous handovers. If Handover take place in same access technology (WiFi WiFi) or (WIMAXWIMAX) is Horizontal and if Handover takes place within the different access technology (WiFi WiMAX) or (WIMAXWIFI) is Vertical Handover. If Longer the handover duration, then higher the packet drop and poor QoS [7]. IEEE with 802.21 MIH addressed vertical handover, which separates the different access technology in a mobile device from the upper layers in the protocol stack. NIST has provided the 802.21 MIH add-on modules [3] for network simulator (ns2.29). These module support the two of the MIH functions, events and commands. 4.5.2  Supporting Technologies of 802.21 in ns-2 Ns-2.29 supports the access technologies in IEEE 802.21 scenarios are: WiMAX (802.16), Wi-Fi (802.11), UMTS and Ethernet (802.3). 4.5.3  Implementation of Nodes with Multiple Interfaces in ns-2 NS-2 does not support the heterogeneous multiple interfaces of a mobile node (MN), because node structure do not necessarily follow the same as the one defined in the basic model by external packages. Hence to resolve this issue, NIST add-on module created the concept of multiFace node also called super node, which is a mobile node which can links to other mobile nodes, these interfaces for the multiFace node, and the multiFace node can be viewed as as â€Å"supernode†. This concept is illustrated in Fig. 4.1. Fig. 4.1: High Level View of MultiFace Node Fig. 4.2: Power boundaries defined in NS2 The interface nodes activate the events and forwards them to the super node. The MIH Users on the super node are often ready to register and to receive these events. 4.5.4  Power Boundaries are often outlined in Wifi and WiMAX Cells In order to spot power boundaries which may be utilized in the simulation, 3 variables are outlined in ns-2.29, that is shown in Fig. 5.2. Theses variable are often outlined as: †¢CSTresh: accustomed outline the minimum power level to sense wireless packets and conjointly switch the mac layer, if mac layer is idle then it are often switched to busy, †¢RX Tresh: are often accustomed outline the minimum power level to receive wireless packets with error free; †¢pr_limit: are often perpetually equal or superior to one and is employed within the equation (RX Tresh) * (pr_limit), then this equation are going to be shaping the minimum power level that Associate in Nursing interface senses Link taking place event before triggering. In the above figure Fig 4.2, shows the ability boundaries between WLAN and WiMAX base station with its vary wherever the highest most layer is Cs thresh_, middle layer is rx thresh_ and also the inner layer is rx thresh_ * pr limit_. Dept. of CSE, VKIT 2014-20151 Education and Fertility | Literature Review Education and Fertility | Literature Review The relation between the education and fertility of women is a topic that has received much attention in the last decades. Some scholars have found that there is an inverse relation between the education and fertility, however, it is still unknown if this relation is causal or not. But in general, across countries, when women acquire more education, this decreases the number of children. The spread of education around the world has been linked to decreases in fertility that incremented women rates of enrollment and completion of secondary education. In point of fact, women with secondary education have on average one less child (Leà ³n, 2004). When estimating the relationship between education and fertility there are unobserved characteristics that affect schooling preferences and are correlated with unobserved variables that encourage to have a child or not. To better clarify this criteria, we have to analyze the next example. When a woman has wishes to work, attend college, make a professional career, this will impact negatively the number of children that she wants to have. On the contrary, women with access to the credit market, are more likely to have more years of education and also to children. As we observe, there is no only a negative relation between fertility and education, but it also may be positive (although is not common). In addition, when analyzing the effect of education on fertility we have to take into account the welfare policy consequences. When the total fertility rates decreases and the life expectancy increases, this may cause an ageing of the population. Therefore, the ratio of retirees to working-age adults increases and this create a serious problem on spending of governments on health care and pensions. This is the case of developed countries. By the contrary, in developing countries (specially Latin American countries), when the total fertility rate decreases, the risk of health between women and children decreases leading to a improvement in the welfare conditions. In the recent years, programs such as the World Banks Female Secondary Schooling Assistance Project seek to motivate the education of women around the world. Given these facts, the hypothesis than education affect fertility levels of women is valid. Not only the education of women affect their fertility rate, but also the marriage, which is delayed because women desires to enter to the labor market or to increase their education. The theoretical aspects concerning to the relation of fertility and education is very broad. In order to explain this relation with more accuracy it is important to analyze the studies of Barro and Becker (1988), Livi-Baci (1997) and Willis (1973). They agree in the fact that women with more education diminishes their fertility because of the increment in the cost of opportunity of time. Other models point out the wage of women as the main factor in explaining the cost of opportunity of childbearing. Montgomery and Trussel (1986) analyze the children as normal goods. Here and increment in the education of women produces an increment in the parents income, which lead to an increment in the spending of normal goods (children), dominating the wage effect. It is also important to analyze the models that explain the fertility as stochastic processes (Wolpin (1994), Newman (1988) and Hotz and Miller (1988), however, this studies have no provided any result about the empirical specification for the life cycle fertility. They just agree in the fact that the returns of more years of education are positive and that this produces an inverse relation between education and fertility in women. Reviewing the literature between education and fertility, we have to highlight the contribution of the studies done by Becker. Becker (1960) and Becker and Lewis (1973) analyze the child quality fertility model, which is one of the most used model in explaining the relation between education and fertility. This model analyze the role of income of parents in the quality and quantity of children. That is to say that when the income of parents increases, the quality and quality of children also increases. Becker argues that the income elasticity of the quantity of children is small related to the income elasticity of the quality of children. Given the fact that the spending on children increases, it leads to a prevalence of the higher quality. In this case, the substitution effects subdue to the income effect. Following this criteria, Easterlin and Crimmins (1985) formulates the theory of the demand of children, referring mainly to the desired family size of parents but taking into consideration that the knowledge of birth control instruments is general and does not imply any cost. Moreover, the supply of children refers to the quantity of children that parents would experience, without limiting the family size. As we can observe, all the theories mentioned above deal with the negative relation between fertility and education, just with the exception of the supply theory that connects the health and the fecundity. Therefore the role of education is very important given the fact that help women to have more knowledge about contraceptive methods, and gain different perspectives of life. In addition, according to the economic theory, the relation of education and fertility has consequences for the welfare policies of the countries. An analysis in Developing Countries The fertility rate has decreased in Latin American countries through the years. According to Weilti (1993) the industrialization and modernization have been drivers in this reduction. On the one hand, with the industrialization the technology, communication, infrastructure and transport was improved. On the other hand, modernization has had a greater impact on fertility, improving of health care, education, urbanization. The arguments in explaining the decrement in fertility are mainly two: gender equality and education of women. Gender equality refers to the control of women on their lives (in all aspects) and education promote all of this independence of women. In recent years the inquiry about if educated women are selected for additional features that could be related to lower fertility such as income, earning of husband has brought lot of discussion. All of these additional features including on the analysis appears to be as indicators of a negative relation between fertility and education. Also it is important to mention that the autonomy of women is an important aspect when decreasing their fertility (Dyson and Moore, 1983). This implies that educated women has more independence in taking decisions in their life ((Basu (1992); Morgan and Niraula (1995); Vlassoff (1996)). The literature about the negative relation between fertility and education is very broad. Currently, there is lot of discussion about the reduction on mortality and the increasing aspirations from the women as main factors in explaining this relation. The decrease in fertility according to demographers is explained by reductions in infant and child mortality. The increasing aspirations of women is another important factor in explaining the negative relation between education and fertility. This model, that relates the decreasing in fertility levels with the increasing in aspirations of women, tries to explain mainly the resources in the market that women spend in children and in goods and this decision on how much to spend in each thing depend on preferences of women. According to the DHS survey carried out in the 80s, one of the most powerful tools of fertility is the access to mass media in developing countries, especially when talking about contraceptive methods and family size. The access to mass media it is really important in the family planning of households. But according to some authors as (Ramesh et al. (1996, Westoff and Rodriguez (1995) the education should increase along with the increase of the material aspirations. As reductions in fertility (at macro-level) are given by increments in educational, we expect that education has a connection with rising aspirations (United Nations, 1995). In fact, in South Asia, accoring to Basu (1999), the decrease in fertility is linked to increments in dowry. As we can observe, the relation between education and fertility seems to be explained with the theory about material aspirations of women. Following this theory of the material aspirations of women, we come to the conclusion that the increment in material aspirations and more investments in the schooling of daughters can provoke a decline in fertility in the couple. The impact on Latin American Countries According to the International Family Planning Perspectives, 21:52-57 80, 1995), women that have no education have on average bigger families of 6 or 7 children, while women that have education 2 or 3 children. The knowledge about contraceptive methods is more favorable to educated women (Demographic and Health Surveys for 9 Latin American countries). It is important to point out that the negative relation between education and fertility stopped being as an automatic progress after the World Fertility Survey in the 70s when the results gave a broader idea that the fertility reductions are explained by the development, gender stratification of the society. The impacts of education on fertility can be explained for the following aspects. In first place, the education acts as a source of knowledge, given the fact that schooling improves the knowledge of women about different lifestyles and a major access to information about fertility elections. Secondly, education is a tool for the development of a country. The education is a cover letter to entry formally to the labor market. And finally the education acts as a transformer of attitudes, specially aspirations in life. It is known that Latin American is the most unequal society in the world. The gap between the rich and poor people has increased in the last years and this situation seems to not come to an end. In some Latin American Countries the access to a good education is given mainly by the social origins. Not always, but in most of cases, poor people has no access to an education because of the lack of money and opportunities. But this situation has improved in the last decades with the free access to public education and improvements in the literacy rates of Latin American Countries. However, in countries such as Guatemala, 42% of women have no formal education (Indicators of female educational attainment in Latin America, by country, 1985-1989). As we observe in the table below, the 1/5 of the people in Bolivia and El Salvador has no education, which is a extremely bad indicator. In the rest of the Latin American countries the years of schooling show a better performance, reaching 10 years of education roughly. As we mentioned above, the improvements in education has been a major concern in Latin American Governments in the recent decade. As we observe in the table, countries such as Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Dominican Republic and Mexico has showed substantial progress in the school attendance (1.4, 1.7, 1.4, 2.2. and 3.4 years respectively). The relation between fertility and education in Latin American is considered as the most powerful in the world. This is explained by the differential in reproductive strategies inside this society. If we refer to pretransitional societies, the behavior of women with no education is similar to the one of that societies, having on average 6 or 7 children, while women with better education have on average 2 or 3 children. In table 2, there is a surprising fact in which the fertility patterns (desired family size) are almost the same among poor (educated) women and educated women, but in practice they differ a lot. Referring to the contraceptive knowledge, here we find a big difference. The difference between uneducated and educated women in Colombia and Dominic Republic is 20% and 40% in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Mexico.

Joseph Stalin :: essays research papers

JOSEPH STALIN: TYRANT OF STEEL Iosef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (a.k.a. Joseph Stalin), was the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953. Although Stalin’s reign in power did not begin immediately his contribution to government began in 1912, and from then on he slowly rose to the high chain of command. Stalin’s long and troublesome road to absolute power had many steps that marked important events in the Soviet Union’s condition but they did not always improve the life of his people. Stalin’s first position in government began in 1898 when he joined a secret Marxist revolutionary group and became involved in many demonstrations. In 1901 Stalin began writing for the Brdzola which published many of his revolutionary articles and ideas. At the end of 1901, he was formally accepted into the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. Between the years of 1902 and 1913 Stalin was arrested and exiled many times for countless crimes and as a result in 1907 he was expelled from the Social Democratic Labor Party. However, his luck changed in 1912 when Lenin appointed Stalin to the Bolshevik Central Committee. In addition, he was given various commands and was appointed to the position of people’s commissar for nationalities. After proving himself at this position, he was assigned the position of commissar of workers’ and peasants’ inspection. He finally gained the power he desired most in 1922, when he became general secretary of the Central Committee. With this position Stalin was able to control appointments, set agendas, and transfer officials and increase his own power. When Lenin died in 1924, Stalin used the current power he attained and crushed his opponents to become the dictator in 1929. Stalin used his new authority to try and make the Soviet Union a world power so that no enemies could destroy his nation. When he first took over, he began a series of five-year plans. The first plan was to industrialize the country, however, the production of machinery and farm equipment became more important than the production of household items and necessities such as clothing and food. Secondly, Stalin wanted to use collectivization to increase the production of agricultural products and to end private farming. Stalin also decided to transfer the control of the farms to the government, and as a result, caused a severe resistance in the peasant class especially the kulaks. The measures taken by Stalin to discipline those who opposed his authority were either exiled, or executed as well as a great famine killed 10 million peasants (1932-33).

Financial Reporting HSBC Bank Essay

HSBC bank is a branch of HSBC Holdings plc and has its headquarters based in London. The bank provides a wide range of financial products and services to individuals, governments, non-governmental organizations and companies. It provides banking products and services in the domestic as well as the international market (Gianaris, 2001). HSBC group of banks is one of the organizations of its kind that offers the largest banking and financial services all over the world. The company has 8,500 offices in 86 countries and territories in Europe, Hong Kong, Asia, Middle East, North America and Latin America. The company has been listed in the stock exchange markets of London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris, and Bermuda (Jao, 2001). The company has about 220,000 shareholders in 119 countries and territories. The company provides a wide range of products to its over one hundred million customers. The company has four categories of customer groups and businesses: Personal Financial Services, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets and private Banking (Gardener & Versluijs, 2001). Financial reporting is the process of compiling the formal records of the financial activities of an organization or an individual. It involves preparing the financial statements of a company. The organization aims at finding out its financial position in the short run or in the long run period. The HSBC bank prepares its financial reports according to the generally accepted accounting principles of Canada (Mcmenamin, 1999). Financial Reporting History The company prepares financial reports annually, semi-annually and quarterly. The company files interim reports after every three or six months, that is, semi annual and quarterly financial reports. These reports reveal the financial performance of the company for the stipulated period of time (Das, 2004). The companies linked with HSBC bank are required to prepare semi-annual reports. On the other hand, quarterly reports are not compulsory for all countries. Regulations regarding the format of interim reports differ in each country. The interim reports may be short or long depending with the country. The date for filing the interim reports also vary with the different countries (Pietrobelli, Ffrench-Davis, Zamagni, & Ocampo, 2000). The history of preparing interim reports by the bank can be traced back to the mid-year of 2002. The quarterly reports started being in operation with the first quarter of year 2003. The financial reports are essential to the researchers and that is why the company requires adequate filing of all financial statements of the bank (Mcmenamin, 1999). The company maintains timely preparation of its financial reports. It uses web crawler technology to track and update the financial records. The system of preparing financial reports is very functional since it uses PDF format. This computer program allows the documents to be searched easily and can be copied into other documents more easily. The size of the PDF documents allows them to be downloaded more easily. The financial reports are presented in full-color native PDF for ease in reading them. The interim reports are easily obtained through the Global Reports Library on Research and Markets (Pietrobelli, Ffrench-Davis, Zamagni, & Ocampo, 2000). The accounting policies of the HSBC bank comply with the International Financial Reporting Standards. The interim consolidated financial statements are prepared according to IAS 34, according to International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the European Union (EU) (Das, 2004). The bank has abandoned the IAS 32 since March 2009 since this standard required the bank to offer its shareholders rights so that they could be identified as derivative financial liability. This was done to ensure that the reports presented position of the bank as being true and fair, also, to ensure that the reports give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the company (Jao, 2001). The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) endorsed by the IASB may differ with those endorsed by the EU. But recently there have been no amendments on the standards endorsed by IFRS and those endorsed by the EU. The IFRSs make up the standards provided by IASB and the interpretations provided by International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). The interim consolidated financial statements must include comparative information. This is a requirement by the IAS 34, UK Disclosure and Transparency Rules and the Hong Kong listing rules (Gianaris, 2001). Estimates and assumptions about the future state of financial affairs are used when preparing financial information. The estimates are prepared from the information available as well as use of judgment of the people preparing them. However, the real results might be different from the estimates in the future (Pietrobelli, Ffrench-Davis, Zamagni, & Ocampo, 2000). The interim consolidated financial statements of the bank consolidate the financial statements of HSBC Holdings and its subsidiaries. The company adopts the revised and amended standards of IASB and endorsed by the EU. The application of the revised standards is done as per the acquisition date of the business or after the beginning of the first annual financial period of the year (Pietrobelli, Ffrench-Davis, Zamagni, & Ocampo, 2000). Accounting Policies Interest income and expense- This refers to all financial instruments except for those classified as held for trading or designated at fair value in the income statement using the effective interest method. Through the effective interest method, the financial liability is calculated and interest income is allocated over the relevant period (Gianaris, 2001). Non-interest income- This comprises the Net trading income which is composed of all gains and losses from changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities held for trading as well as the related interest income, expense and dividends. Net income from financial instruments designated at fair value and dividend income also comprises the non interest income (Jao, 2001). Segment reporting- The HSBC holdings conduct its businesses in several countries and offer a wide range of consumer products. Segment income and expenses must be transferred accordingly. Gains and losses for each segment must be accounted for separately so as to achieve the profitability of each (Das, 2004). Determination of fair value. Fair value of financial liabilities is determined using the quoted market prices where available or using valuation techniques. The fair values include assessment of market participant concerning the appropriate credit spread to apply to the liabilities of the company (Gianaris, 2001). Loans and advances to banks and customers- These include loans and advances initiated by HSBC which are not grouped as either held for trading or designated at fair value. Loans and advances are recognized when cash is advanced to borrowers (Gardener, & Versluijs, 2001). Impairment of loans and advances. Losses for impaired loans are recognized when there is objective evidence that the loans have been impaired. Impaired loans are recorded as charges to the income statement. Losses expected from future events are not recognized (Jao, 2001). Corporate Governance Analysis The bank has established commitments to maintain high standards of corporate governance. Over the last financial year, the bank has maintained compliance with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance released by the Financial Reporting Council. It has also complied with the Code on Corporate Governance Practices in Appendix 14 to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (Pietrobelli, Ffrench-Davis, Zamagni, & Ocampo, 2000). The management of HSBC bank has appointed several committees to deal with several corporate activities of the bank. The board committees consist of directors, group managing directors and co-opted non-director members. The principal committees are Group Management Board, Group Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, Nomination Committee and Corporate Sustainability Committee (Das, 2004). The directors have the duty to conduct internal control within the bank. They also review how effective the internal control system is operating. Controls have been designed to safeguard assets from unauthorized use and disposal. These controls ensure that proper financial accounts are maintained and that the financial information contained in the records is reliable. The system of internal control is designed to prevent frauds, errors, material misstatement or losses in the business. The system also ensures compliance with rules set up by the Financial Services Authority, which is the body which regulates the activities of HSBC (Jao, 2001). There are corporate policies to safeguard the bank against operational and Reputational risks. The bank has set up procedures to ensure that the risks are minimized. These risks are concerned with the issues relating to the environment, social and governance activities. The bank follows guidelines provided by the Association of British insurers concerning the best response to the issues affecting the company and its stakeholders (Das, 2004). The company aims at managing the risks associated with the health and safety standards of its operations. The bank is responsible to get rid of risks concerning fire, injury and accidents that may affect its workers and visitors. Group Corporate Real Estate sets up the rules concerning health and safety of the company. The implementation of these policies is done by Health, Safety and Fire Coordinators who are located in every country the bank operates. The bank has remained prepared to protecting its employees from terrorists. There are security review functions which have been set up to assist manage health and safety of the staff, assets and buildings of the company (Gianaris, 2001). The bank maintains a good communication network with its stakeholders. Individual and institutional customers are regularly informed about the operations of the bank. Timely response to the customer needs is given a priority to ensure good relationship is maintained. Annual general meetings are held to ensure that all stakeholders are informed of all activities of the bank over a given period of time (Gardener, & Versluijs, 2001). Conclusion The general organization of HSBC company stands no doubt that it will remain successful in the future. The corporate governance ensures that the mission and vision of the company are achieved. The accounting policies of the bank are in compliance with the international standards. The accounting policies ensure that the accounting procedures are carried out in a professional manner. The company has performed well in the market and if it continues with these strategies it will achieve much. References Mcmenamin, J, 1999, Financial Management: An Introduction. Routledge. London. Pietrobelli, C, Ffrench-Davis, R, Zamagni, S, & Ocampo, J, A, 2000, Financial Globalization and the Emerging Economies, United Nations. Santiago. Jao, C, Y, 2001, The Asian Financial Crisis and the Ordeal of Hong Kong. Quorum Books. Westport, CT. Das, D, K. 2004, Financial Globalization and the Emerging Market Economies. Routledge. New York. Gianaris, N, V, 2001, Globalization: A Financial Approach. Praeger Publishers. Westport, CT. Gardener, E, P, M, & Versluijs, P, C, 2001, Bank Strategies and Challenges in the New Europe. Palgrave. New York.

How to Write a Great College Application Essay Title

How to Write a Great College Application Essay Title Your application essays title is the first thing the admissions folks will read. Although there are many ways to approach the title, youll want those words at the top of the page to make the proper impression. Why a Title? Lets start with the  basics: Is your essay about something? Do you want your reader to know what its about? If so, your essay needs a title. Ask yourself which work youd be more excited to read: The Casque of Amontillado or Some Random Story by Edgar Allan Poe Thats About Something that Youll Figure Out After You Read It. If you dont provide a title, you dont give your reader any reason to be interested in beginning your essay other than a sense of duty. Make sure the college admissions folks are motivated to read your essay by curiosity, not by the necessity of their assigned drudge work. Picture a newspaper in which every article lacks a title. What article do you want to read? Which ones sound interesting? Clearly a newspaper without titles would be ridiculous. Application essays arent that different. Your reader wants to know what it is that he or she is going to read. The Purpose of an Application Essay Title Weve established that you need a title. But what makes a title effective? First off, think about the purpose of a title: A good title should grab your readers attention.Related to #1, a title should make your reader want to read your essay.The title should provide a sense of what your essay is about. When it comes to #3, realize that you dont need to be too detailed. Academic essays often have titles that look like this: Julia Camerons Photography: A Study of the Use of Long Shutter Speeds to Create Spiritual Effects. For an application essay, such a title would come across as over-written, pompous, and ridiculous. Consider how a reader would react to an essay with the title,  The Authors Trip to Costa Rica and How It Changed His Attitude Towards Biodiversity and Sustainability. After reading such a long and belabored title, the admissions folks wouldnt feel like they need to read the actual essay. Sample Good Essay Titles In general, there are no concrete rules for titles. Good titles can take a variety of forms: A good title can be clever or play with words. See, for example, Porkopolis  by Felicity or Buck Up  by Jill. Porkopolis is a nonsense word, but it works well for an essay on becoming a vegetarian in a meat-centric world, and Buck Up employs both a literal and figurative meaning of the phrase. As youll read below, however, you dont necessarily want to try to be too clever. Such efforts can backfire.A title can be provocative. As an example, a student who wrote about encountering new foods while abroad titled her essay Eating Eyeballs. If your essay focuses on a humorous, shocking or embarrassing moment in your life, its often easy to write an attention-grabbing title. Titles such as Puking on the President, Romeos Ripped Tights, and The Wrong Goal are sure to peek your readers interest.An essay title can be concise and straight-forward. Dont feel that you need great wit and alliteration in your title. Simple and direct language can be quite effective. Consider, for example, The J ob I Should Have Quit  by Drew,  Wallflower  by Eileen, and Striking Out  by Richard. These titles dont play with words or reveal great wit, but they accomplish their purpose perfectly well. In all of these cases, the title has provided at least a partial sense of the essays subject matter, and each has motivated the reader to continue reading. What the heck does Porkopolis mean? Why did you eat eyeballs? Why should you have quit your job? Avoid These Title Mistakes There are some common missteps that applicants make when it comes to titles. Be aware of these pitfalls: Vague language. Youll be off to a remarkably bland start if your essay is titled Three Things That Matter to Me or A Bad Experience. Bad (or good or evil or nice) is a painfully subjective and meaningless word, and the word things might have worked well in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, but it rarely adds anything of value to your essay. Be precise, not vague.Broad, overly general language. This is a continuation of the vague language problem. Some titles try to cover far too much. You dont want to call your essay My Life Story or My Personal Growth or An Eventful Upbringing. Such titles suggest that you are going to attempt to narrate years of your life in a few hundred words. Any such effort is doomed to failure, and your reader will be doubting your essay before beginning the first paragraph.Overblown vocabulary. The best essays use clear and accessible language. When a writer attempts to sound intelligent by adding unnecessary syllables to every word, the reading experience is often torturous. When an essays title is My Utilization of Erroneous Rationalizations During My Pupilage, the readers immediate response is going to be pure dread. No one wants to read 600 words of that garbage. Strained cleverness. Be careful if youre relying on wordplay in your title. Not all readers are fans of puns, and a title may sound ridiculous if the reader doesnt understand a supposedly clever allusion. Cleverness is a good thing, but test out your title on your acquaintances to make sure it works.Clichà ©s. If your title relies on a clichà ©, youre suggesting that the experience that you are narrating is unremarkable and commonplace. You dont want the first impression of your essay to be that you have nothing original to say. So if you find yourself writing When the Cat Got My Tongue or Burning the Midnight Oil, stop yourself and reevaluate your title.Misspellings. Finally, nothing is more embarrassing than a misspelled title. There, at the top of the page in bold letters, youve used the word its instead of its, or you wrote about patients instead of patience. We all make these mistakes, but take extra care with your application essay. An error in the title is a sure way to elim inate any confidence your reader has in your writing ability. A Final Word About Application Essay Titles Many writers- both novices and experts- have a difficult time coming up with a title that works well. Dont hesitate to write your essay first and then, once your ideas have truly taken shape, go back and craft the title. Also, dont hesitate to seek help with your title. A brainstorming session with friends can often generate far better titles than a solitary session of pounding your head on your keyboard. You do want to get your title right- its going to make an immediate impression on the admissions folks who read your essay, and you clearly want them to enter your essay in a curious and eager state of mind. Finally, if youre writing your essay for the Common Application, keep in mind that your title will go in the text box with the rest of the essay, and the title will count toward your essays overall word count.

Analysis of Toni Morrisons essays

Analysis of Toni Morrison's essays Toni Morrisons premier novel, The Bluest Eye, is a tale of one girls battle against herself and the society surrounding her. The author tells the story of young Pecola Breedlove growing up with a vast amount of hatred around her in order to display the impact society has on people. Society pressures the ugly to be beautiful, and a little black girl to pray nightly for two bright, blue eyes to replace the dullness of her own brown ones. The blue eyes Pecola dream for obviously represents her wish to be white. Blue eyes are associated with beauty and only the fair-skinned can obtain this eye color. Being a black girl in the 1940s is an automatic shun in society when this books takes place. Not to mention the Breedlove family consists of Pecolas father Cholly Breedlove (whom eventually rapes and impregnates her), an unloving mother named Pauline, and a juvenile delinquent brother named Sammy. Pecolas family is part of the reason she becomes a social outcast, even though the poor girl has actually never done one thing against her little town. Morrison shows the way the general public can be bias towards an individual they may have never even talked to just because of family issues, their race, or their level of attractiveness. These reasons cause Pecola to live in dissatisfaction of herself. For instance, on her way to the store to buy some candy Pecola admires some dandelions, Why, she wonders, do people call them w eeds? She thought they were pretty (Morrison 47). At this point, Pecola identifies with the yellow-headed flowers, because herself is considered a weed to other people. With thoughts of dandelions in mind, Pecola enters the penny store only to be treated as she is some sort of animal. She looks up at him to see the vacuum where curiosity out to lodge. And something more. The total absence of human recognition...she has seen it lurki ...

Proposal to Review How Previous Instances of Global Financial Crises Assignment

Proposal to Review How Previous Instances of Global Financial Crises can be used to Forecast Developing Financial Crisis - Assignment Example These can be used to analyse how such crises could be avoided. This proposal includes detailed descriptions of my methodology for collecting data, schedule for the review as well as my relevant qualifications that make me well suited to this job. Justification of Review The twentieth century witnessed its first financial crisis early within the first quarter. Consequently, the world drifted into another greater war in an effort to gather enough fiscal resources to claim complete financial independence. (Friedman and Scwartz) The financial imbroglio is considered to have emerged as a result of loose ended banking policies. Multiple symptoms were experienced before the financial crisis in the shape of minor fiscal hiccups such as the New York Stock Exchange Crash of 1901, the banking panic of 1907, the panic of 1910-11 and the Shanghai rubber stock market crisis. (Bernanke) The final manifestation came through in the form of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 which crossed the Atlantic and caused militant ideologies to spring up throughout Europe. Consequently, the Second World War broke out which plunged the entire world into untold misery and conflict. This major upheaval was followed closely by the oil crisis of 1973 that was brought about by OPEC in response to the stock market crash of 1973-74. This crisis was followed closely by a scramble for the Middle East which has had far reaching consequences as authoritarian rules sprung up and fuelled militancy. It would not be an exaggeration to relate that the attacks on American soil on September 11, 2001 had roots in the oil crisis and its consequences. Moreover, the oil crisis of 1973 redefined the ways in which consumption patterns were organised. The escalation of oil prices encouraged the use of more efficient vehicles and promoted a drive towards more sustainable forms of energy such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). (Eichengreen) Other than the financial crisis listed above, South America saw the development of a debt crisis that soon engulfed the region. The problem began with the â€Å"Mexican Weekend† bank default in 1982 that served as a catalyst for the entire region’s banking systems to crash. The resulting imbroglio witnessed the Latin American debt crisis that forced these already marginalised nations to cut further spending on social development programs. Consequently, the eighties and nineties played host to the development of large drug cartels and mafias that employed the scores on unemployed youth. The resulting struggle in South America left scores dead and saw drug trafficking to the First World increase by leaps and bounds. Names such as Pablo Escobar became legends by becoming philanthropists out of drug money while millions of youth spoiled their lives around the globe using the same drugs. The onset of the nineties saw the development of financial crisis in both the United States and Japan. The high point of financial crises culminated when Japan was hit b y the 1997 stock market crash. Large names such as Casio and Yamaha defaulted and Japans’ position as the prime producer of precision goods declined. However, the financial crisis did not limit itself to Japan but spread to other parts of Asia and caused a storm of devaluations to take place. This was followed closely by the Russian financial crisis of 1998 that saw the government weakened to an extent that it could not pay off pays for its employees. Large banks collapsed and mafias

Problem Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problem Question - Essay Example On her complaint to the company, regarding her problem, the latter stated that they were not liable, as per clause 4 of their terms and conditions. In the context of contracts, a number of obligations, relating to the common law have been transformed into statutes. The cardinal instance of such codification is provided by the implied obligations that emerge from the Sale of Goods Act 18931 and the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 19802. The Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980, serves to regulate exclusion clauses that are unreasonable, in Ireland. The case law is partial to the tenet that a fundamental contractual breach cannot be circumvented, via an exclusion clause3. On the other hand, doctrine supports the stance engendered by the English case law In Partridge v Crittenden, the court held that an advertisement was equivalent to an invitation to treat5. Nevertheless, this is not sacrosanct and there are exceptions, wherein an advertisement was deemed to be an offer. An instance of this is available in Carbolic Smoke Ball. In this specific case the defendant had argued that the advertisement placed by it in the newspaper was not to be deemed an offer. This was not accepted by the court; on account of the fact that the plaintiff had complied with the stipulations of the defendant’s advertisement6. As such, in our problem, the advertisement placed by the More Movies Ltd constitutes an offer. A service provider has to exercise reasonable care and skill, in the course of carrying out the contract. This was stipulated in the rulings in Samuels v Davis7 and Allen v Bushnell TV Co and Broadcast News Ltd8. The issues addressed by the court in cases like the Parker v SE Railway, are; whether the party had been aware of the conditions; had any proper notice been given, in this regard; if so, whether the party knew that the notice contained such writing; If the party was aware that there was writing on the document, then the party receiving the